LexThe KERALA BORSTAL SCHOOLS ACT, 1961
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THE KERALA BORSTAL SCHOOLS ACT, 1961
(Act 31 of 1961)
CONTENTS
Preamble.
Sections:
PART I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title and application.
2. Definitions.
3. Establishment of borstal schools.
4. Application of the Prisons Acts and the Prisoners Acts.
PART II
COMMITTAL TO BORSTAL SCHOOLS
5. Power of court to pass order of detention in borstal school.
6. Preliminary inquiry and finding as to age of adolescent offender.
7. Limitation on powers conferred by section 5.
8. Power of Inspector-General to transfer prisoners to borstal school.
9. Government to determine the borstal school to which adolescent offender shall
be sent.
10. Removal from one borstal school to another.
11. Reception of offenders from and transfer of offenders to other States in India.
12. Transfer of incorrigibles, etc., to prisons.
PART III
RELEASE ON LICENCE OR PAROLE
13. Power to release on licence.
14. Form of licence.
15. Revocation of licence.
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16. Escape and forfeiture of licence.
17. Release on parole.
18. Absence under licence or on parole to be counted towards period of detention.
19. Power of Inspector-General to allow inmates to receive instructions or training.
PART IV
CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF BORSTAL SCHOOLS
20. Management of borstal schools.
21. Constitution, powers and duties of visiting committees.
22. Classification of inmates.
23. Punishment for offences.
24. Limitation of hours of work.
PART V
APPEAL AND REVISION
25. Appeal and revision.
PART VI
MISCELLANEOUS
26. Minimum age-limit of adolescents in areas to which the Children Acts have not
been extended.
27. Power of Government to discharge inmates.
28. Removal of disqualification attaching to convictions for offences.
29. Rules.
30. Repeal.
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ACT 31 OF 1961
THE KERALA BORSTAL SCHOOLS ACT, 1961*
An Act to make provision for the establishment and regulation of borstal schools for the
detention and training of adolescent offenders.
Preamble.—WHEREAS it is expedient to make provision for the establishment and
regulation of borstal schools in the State of Kerala for the detention and training of
adolescent offenders therein;
BE it enacted in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—
PART I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title and application.— (1) This Act may be called the Kerala Borstal Schools
Act, 1961.
(2) The Government may, by notification in the Gazette, from time to time, apply the
whole or any of the provisions of this Act to adolescent offenders or any class thereof in any
local area in the State, from such date as may be specified in the notification, and may cancel
or modify such notification.
2. Definitions.— In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(1) “adolescent offender” means any person who has been convicted of any offence
punishable with imprisonment or who having been ordered to give security under section 118
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Central Act 5 of 1898), has failed to do so and who
at the time of such conviction or failure to give security is not less than 16 nor more than 21
years of age;
(2) “borstal school” means a corrective institution wherein adolescent offenders,
while detained in pursuance of this Act, are given such industrial or agricultural training and
other instruction and are subjected to such disciplinary and moral influences as will conduce
to their reformation and the prevention of crime;
(3) “Inspector-General” means the Inspector-General of Prisons and includes any
officer appointed by the Government to exercise or perform all or any of the powers or duties
of the Inspector-General under this Act;
*Received the assent of the President on the 27th day of September, 1961 and published in the Kerala Gazette
Extraordinary No.112 dated 3rd October, 1961.
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(4) “probation officer” means an officer appointed to be a probation officer or
recognised as such under section 13 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (Central Act 20
of 1958);
(5) “State” means the State of Kerala.
3. Establishment of borstal schools.— (1) For the purposes of this Act, the Government
may establish one or more borstal schools.
(2) For every borstal school a visiting committee shall be appointed by the
Government.
4. Application of the Prisons Acts and the Prisoners Acts .— Subject to any alterations,
adaptations and exceptions made by this Act and the rules made under it, the Prisons
Act,1894 (Central Act 9 of 1894) and the Prisoners Act, 1900 (Central Act 3 of 1900) and the
rules made thereunder, or, as the case may be, the Travancore-Cochin Prisons Act, 1950 (Act
XVIII of 1950) and the Travancore-Cochin Prisoners Act, 1950 (Act XVII of 1950) and the
rules made thereunder, shall apply in the case of every borstal school established under this
Act as if it were a prison and the inmates prisoners.
PART II
COMMITTAL TO BORSTAL SCHOOLS
5. Power of court to pass order of detention in borstal school.—(1) Where it appears to
a court that an adolescent offender should, by reason of his criminal habits or tendencies, or
association with persons of bad character, be subject to detention for such term and under
such instruction and discipline as appears most conducive to his reformation and the
prevention of crime, it shall be lawful for the court, in lieu of passing a sentence of
imprisonment, to pass an order of detention in a borstal school for a term which shall not be
less than two years and shall not exceed seven years, but in no case extending beyond the
date on which the adolescent offender will, in the opinion of the court, attain the age of
twenty-three years:
Provided that the court shall not ordinarily order the detention of a first offender in a
borstal school unless the Court is satisfied that, having regard to the character and previous
conduct of the offender and to the circumstances of the case, such order is expedient to his
reformation and the prevention of crime.
(2) Before passing an order under sub-section (1), the court shall take into
consideration the report of the probation officer of the area in which the adolescent offender
permanently resided at the time when he committed the offence and any other report or
representation which may be made to it as to the suitability of the case for treatment in a
borstal school and shall be satisfied that the character, state of health and mental condition of
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the offender and the other circumstances of the case are such that the offender is likely to
profit by such instruction and discipline as aforesaid. The court shall send along with the
order of detention in a borstal school a copy of the report of the probation officer.
6. Preliminary inquiry and finding as to age of adolescent offender .— Before passing
an order under section 5, the court shall inquire into the age of the offender and, after
considering the report of the probation officer and taking such evidence, if any, as may be
deemed necessary, shall record a finding thereon stating his age as nearly as may be.
7. Limitation on powers conferred by section 5 .— Any person detained in a borstal
school for failure to furnish security when ordered to do so under section 118 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Central Act 5 of 1898), shall be released on furnishing such
security or on the passing of an order under sub-section (1) of section 124 of the said Code.
8. Power of Inspector-General to transfer prisoners to borstal school.— (1) The
Inspector-General may, subject to the rules made by the Government in that behalf, if
satisfied that any adolescent offender undergoing imprisonment in consequence of a sentence
passed after the commencement of this Act might with advantage be detained in a borstal
school, direct that such person shall be transferred from prison to a borstal school, there to
serve the whole or any part of the unexpired portion of his sentence:
Provided that no adolescent offender undergoing imprisonment for life, shall be
transferred to a borstal school without the previous sanction of the Government.
(2) When an adolescent offender is transferred to a borstal school under sub-section
(1), the provisions of this Act shall apply to such offender as if he had been originally ordered
to be detained in a borstal school.
9. Government to determine the borstal school to which adolescent offender shall be
sent.— Every adolescent offender ordered by a court to be sent to a borstal school shall be
sent to such borstal school as the Government may, by general or special order, appoint for
the reception of adolescent offenders so dealt with by such court:
Provided that, if accommodation in a borstal school is not immediately available for
such adolescent offender, he may be detained in a special ward or such other suitable part of a
prison as the Government may direct, until he can be sent to a borstal school. The period of
detention so undergone shall be treated as detention in a borstal school.
10. Removal from one borstal school to another .— The Inspector-General may, at any
time, order an inmate to be removed from one borstal school to another, provided that the
whole period of his detention in a borstal school shall not be increased by such removal.
11. Reception of offenders from and transfer of offenders to other States in India.— (1)
The Government may, by general or special order notified in the Gazette, direct that any
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specified borstal school in the State shall be available for the reception of adolescent
offenders in respect of whom an order of detention in a borstal school or other school of a
like nature has been passed by any court or magistrate in any other State in India; and,
thereupon, provision may be made for the removal of the adolescent offenders concerned
accordingly:
Provided that the Government shall not pass such an order without the consent of the
Government of the other State concerned.
(2) The Government may direct any inmate of a borstal school in the State to be
transferred to any borstal school or other school of a like nature in any other State in India:
Provided that no such transfer shall be made without the consent of the Government of
the other State concerned.
(3) The Government may consent to the transfer to a borstal school in the State, of a
person detained in any borstal school or other school of a like nature in any other State in
India.
(4) The provisions of this Act shall apply to any person who is removed or
transferred to a borstal school in the State in pursuance of sub-section (1) or sub-section (3),
as if he had been originally ordered to be detained in a borstal school in the State.
12. Transfer of incorrigibles, etc., to prisons .— Where a person detained in a borstal
school is reported to the Government by the Superintendent of such school to be incorrigible
or to be exercising a bad influence on the other inmates of the school, the Government may
commute the unexpired portion of the term of detention to such term of imprisonment of
either description as the Government may determine, but in no case exceeding—
(a) such unexpired portion, or
(b) the maximum period of imprisonment fixed for the offence or the failure to give
security, as the case may be, or
(c) the maximum period of imprisonment which the court that tried him had
authority to award under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Central Act 5 of 1898),
whichever is shortest.
PART III
RELEASE ON LICENCE OR PAROLE
13. Power to release on licence. — (1) Subject to any general or special directions of
the Government, the Inspector-General, on the recommendation of the visiting committee and
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after considering the report of the probation officer may, at any time after the expiration of
six months from the commencement of the term of detention, if satisfied that there is a
reasonable probability that the inmate will abstain from crime and lead a useful and
industrious life, by licence permit him to be discharged from the borstal school on condition
that he be placed under the supervision or authority of any Government officer, or secular
institution, or person, or religious society professing the same religion as the inmate, named
in the licence, who may be willing to take charge of him.
(2) A licence under this section shall be in force until the term for which the offender
was ordered to be detained has expired, unless sooner revoked or forfeited.
14. Form of licence .— Every licence granted under section 13 shall be in such form
and shall contain such conditions as the Government may by rules direct.
15. Revocation of licence.— Subject to any general or special directions of the
Government, a licence granted under section 13 may be revoked at any time by the Inspector-
General and where a licence has been revoked, the person to whom the licence related shall
return to the borstal school:
Provided that before taking action under this section the Inspector-General shall
consider the report of the probation officer.
16. Escape and forfeiture of licence .— If any inmate escapes from a borstal school or
if any inmate absent on licence from a borstal school removes himself from the supervision
of the society or person in whose charge he is placed or fails, after the revocation of the
licence, to return from such supervision to the borstal school, a police officer not below the
rank of a Sub-Inspector of Police may, without orders from a Magistrate and without warrant,
arrest him and take him back to the borstal school, and his licence shall be forfeited with
effect from the date of his escape or failure to return, as the case may be.
17. Release on parole.— (1) The Inspector-General may release on parole any inmate
from a borstal school for such period or periods and subject to such conditions as may be
determined by him either—
(a) for the purpose of enabling the inmate to take up an employment or to receive
instructions or training; or
(b) in such other circumstances as may be approved by him.
(2) If the Inspector-General is satisfied that an inmate has violated any of the
conditions on which he was released on parole, he may, by order, recall him to the borstal
school notwithstanding that the time for which he was released has not expired, and
thereupon he shall return to the borstal school.
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(3) If any inmate fails to return to the borstal school when recalled under sub-
section (2), any police officer not below the rank of a Sub-Inspector of Police may, without
orders from a Magistrate and without warrant, arrest him and take him back to the borstal
school.
18. Absence under licence or on parole to be counted towards period of detention. —
The time during which a person is absent from a borstal school under a licence or on parole
shall be treated as part of the term of his detention in the school, provided that where that
person has failed to return to the school on the licence being forfeited or revoked or when
recalled from parole the time which elapses after his failure so to return shall be excluded in
computing the term during which he is to be detained in the school.
19. Power of Inspector-General to allow inmates to receive instructions or training .—
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Inspector-General may, subject to such
rules as may be made by the Government in that behalf, allow any inmate of a borstal school
to receive instructions or training in any other institution without being released from the
borstal school.
PART IV
CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF BORSTAL SCHOOLS
20. Management of borstal schools.— Subject to the orders of the Inspector-General
and subject also to the rules made by the Government, the control and management of every
borstal school shall vest in a Superintendent appointed by the Government.
21. Constitution, powers and duties of visiting committees. — (1) (a) Every visiting
committee appointed under sub-section (2) of section 3 shall consist of the Sessions Judge,
the District Magistrate and the District Educational Officer of the district in which the school
is situate and four non-official members appointed by the Government.
(b) The non-official members shall hold office for a period of two years but shall
be eligible for re-appointment on the expiry of that period.
(2) It shall be the duty of the visiting committee and its members—
(a) to visit the school either individually or collectively on such occasions as may
be fixed by the rules made under this Act in that behalf, for the purpose of ensuring that the
provisions of this Act are duly given effect to;
(b) to make such suggestions for the improvement of the training therein as are
considered necessary and to report to the Government or to the Inspector-General from time
to time any matter which, in their opinion, should receive attention and annu ally on the
progress of the school;
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(c) to interview the inmates immediately after their arrival and to make
suggestions, if any, as to the special training which each should receive;
(d) to consider cases of release on licence under sub-section (1) of section 13,
and cases of release on parole under sub-section (1) of section 17, placed before them by the
Superintendent;
(e) to consider such action as may be necessary in regard to the inmates whose
term of detention is about to expire; and
(f) to consider and report to the Government cases of inmates who are fit to be
discharged under section 27.
(3) Subject to such rules as may be made by the Government in that behalf, every
member of the visiting committee shall be entitled to call for information from the
Superintendent, to examine the records of the school and to take such other action as he
deems necessary for the due discharge of his duties.
22. Classification of inmates.— (1) The inmates of a borstal school shall be divided by
the Superintendent according to their industry and good conduct into three grades, namely:—
(i) the ordinary grade,
(ii) the star grade,
(iii) the special star grade.
(2) The privileges of each grade shall be higher than those of the grade preceding, if
any.
(3) Every inmate shall, on reception in a borstal school, be placed in the ordinary
grade.
(4) The Superintendent may promote or reduce any inmate from one grade to
another in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (5), the rules made under this Act
and the general instructions of the visiting committee.
(5) Promotions and reductions shall be regulated by close personal observation of
the inmates and shall depend specially on their general behaviour, amenability to discipline
and attention to instructions, both literary and industrial.
23. Punishment for offences .— (1) The punishments which may be inflicted on an
inmate of a borstal school for offences specified in the Prisons Act, 1894 (Central Act 9 of
1894) or the Travancore-Cochin Prisons Act, 1950 (Act XVIII of 1950), as the case may be,
and the rules made thereunder, shall be in the following forms and no other:—
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(i) formal warning,
(ii) extra drill,
(iii) deprivation of any of the privileges of the grade,
(iv) reduction in grade.
(2) No punishment shall be awarded to any inmate by any official of the school
except the Superintendent or in his absence the official exercising his functions.
24. Limitation of hours of work.— No inmate of a borstal school shall be made to work
for more than six hours a day:
Provided that extra drill awarded as a punishment under sub-section (1) of section 23
shall not be deemed, for the purposes of this section, to be work.
PART V
APPEAL AND REVISION
25. Appeal and revision .— For purposes of appeal and revision under the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Central Act 5 of 1898), an order of detention under section 5 of
this Act shall be deemed to be a sentence of imprisonment for the same period.
Any person affected by an order of the Inspector-General under this Act may appeal to
the Government whose orders shall be final.
PART VI
MISCELLANEOUS
26. Minimum age-limit of adolescents in areas to which the Children Acts have not
been extended.—In areas in which the provisions of the Madras Children Act, 1920 (Act IV
of 1920), or the Cochin Children Act, XXXVI of 1111 or the Travancore Children Act, 1120
(Act XXXII of 1120), are not in force, the figures “16” appearing in section 2(1) of this Act
shall be read as “15”.
27. Power of Government to discharge inmates. — The Government may at any time
order the discharge of an inmate of any borstal school either absolutely or subject to such
conditions as they may think fit.
28. Removal of disqualification attaching to convictions for offences. — The conviction
of an adolescent offender shall not be regarded as a conviction for the purposes of any
disqualification attaching to a conviction for any offence.
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29. Rules.— (1) The Government may, after previous publication, make rules for the
purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power,
such rules may provide for—
(a) the appointment, powers and duties of officials in borstal schools;
(b) the treatment, maintenance, education, industrial or agricultural training and
control of the inmates of borstal schools;
(c) the grant of permission to the inmates of borstal schools to absent themselves
for short periods;
(d) visits to and communications with the inmates of borstal schools;
(e) the temporary detention of adolescent offenders until arrangements can be
made for sending them to borstal schools;
(f) the transfer of adolescent offenders from a prison to a borstal school by the
Inspector-General;
(g) the form of, and the conditions under which, licences may be granted;
(h) the period for which and the conditions subject to which an inmate may be
allowed to receive instructions and training under section 19;
(i) the control and management of borstal schools;
(j) the matters subject to which information may be called for from the
Superintendent and the records of the school may be examined by the members of the
visiting committee;
(k) the powers and duties of probation officers under this Act and the submission
of reports by them;
(l) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.
(3) All rules made under this Act shall be laid for not less than fourteen days before
the Legislative Assembly as soon as may be after they are made, and shall be subject to such
modifications as the Legislative Assembly may make during the session in which they are so
laid or the session immediately following.
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30. Repeal.—The Madras Borstal Schools Act, 1925 (Act V of 1926), as in force in the
Malabar district referred to in sub-section (2) of section 5 of the States Reorganisation Act,
1956 (Central Act 37 of 1956) and the Travancore Borstal Schools Act, 1120 (Act XXXI of
1120), are hereby repealed.