The KARNATAKA PRIVATE AIDED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYEES (REGULATION OF PAY, PENSION AND OTHER BENEFITS) ACT, 2014

KARNATAKA ACT NO. 07 OF 2014 
THE KARNATAKA PRIVATE AIDED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYEES 
(REGULATION OF PAY, PENSION AND OTHER BENEFITS) ACT, 2014 
Arrangement of Sections 
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS 
Sections: 
1. Short title and commencement. 
2. Definitions 
3. Sanction of Grant-in-Aid at the minimum in the time scale, Time bond Advancement, career 
Advancement and finalization of the pensionary benefits by non-reckoning service rendered in 
non-grant period as qualifying years and extinguishment of claims if any 
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS 
Amending Act 07 of 2014.- It is considered necessary to regulate salary and allowance and 
other conditions of service to teaching and non-teaching employees of private educational institutions 
on admission to grant-in-aid and limiting financial liability of the State. 
The State Government framed several rules under the Karnataka Education Act, 1983 
clarifying the stand of the Government that the non- grant period of service shall not be counted, on 
admission to Grant in aid, for the purpose of pay, leave, seniority and pension to teaching and non-
teaching posts in Private Aided Education Institutions of Primary Schools, Secondary schools, PU 
Colleges coming under the purview of the Primary and Secondary Education and Colleges including 
B.Ed. Colleges and Technical Institutions coming under the ambit of Higher Education into Grant -in-
Aid.  
And whereas the non -reckoning of non- grant period of service for pensionary benefits was 
challenged by Sri H. Peter in W.P. No. 10399/2004 and the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka allowed 
the said writ petition on 01- 09-2006 with a direction to compute pensionary benefits by considering 
non-grant period.  
And whereas, the Writ Appeal No.291/2007 filed by the State before the Division Bench of the 
Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka against the order dated: 01 -09-2006 made in W.P. No.10399/2004 
was rejected and the Special Leave Petition filed by the State before the Hon’ble Supreme Court was 
also dismissed on 09/05/2011.  
And whereas, non reckoning of non grant period of service  for pensionary benefits was 
challenged in W.P. No.126/2008 and W.P. No.15025/2006 and the said writ petitions were connected 
with the writ appeals filed by the state and the said writ petitions were allowed on 03-11-2009.   
And whereas, the non-consideration of non-grant period for fixation of pay was challenged in 
W.P.No. 25447/2010 and the said writ petition was allowed on 16- 08-2010. The State filed Writ 
Appeal 4788/2010 against the order dated:16- 08-2010 and the Division Bench of the Hon’ble High 
Court dismissed the said writ appeal and the Special Leave Petition (CC) No. 7365/2012 was 
dismissed on 02 -07-2012. The review petition No. 2364/2012 filed by the State against the order 
 2 
passed in S.L.P. (CC) No. 7365/2012 was also dismissed on 06- 12-2012, thereby creating inevitable 
situation of complying orders of the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka in W.P. No. 25447/2010 against 
the directions given in rule 21(2) and (3) of the Karnataka Pre -University Education (Academic, 
Registration, Administration & Grant-in-aid etc.) Rules, 2006. 
And whereas, the Special Leave Petition No. 22176-22186/10 filed by the State in the Hon’ble 
Supreme Court of India challenging order dated: 03/11/2009 was connected with other S.L.P’s filed 
by the State and the said S.L.P’s were  dismissed on 21-08-2013.  
 And whereas, the non- reckoning of non- grant period of service for Automatic Advancement 
Scheme, Career Advancement Scheme and Pension was challenged by some Aided employees in 
Hon'ble High Court of Karnataka in Writ Petition Nos. 14676/2001, 871/2004, 19431/2005 and 
5145/2007 and upholding the contention of the Petitioners that the Triple Benefit Scheme Rules and 
the Government Orders are not  inconsonance with section 87 of the Karnataka Education Act, 1983 
thereby rejecting the Government's contention that as per TBS Rules only the service rendered in 
aided institutions be considered for qualifying service, the Hon'ble High Court on 13.10.2006 and 
12.12.2007 allowed the Writ Petitions by directing reckoning of the service from initial appointment on 
the basis of actual emoluments drawn, including increments and promotions for non-grant period; 
 And whereas, the State filed Appeals against the Orders dated: 13.10.2006 and 12.12.2007 
made in Writ Petitions Nos. 14676/2001, 871/2004, 19431/2005 and 5145/2007 and on 03.11.2009, 
the Hon'ble High Court of Karnataka connected the Writ Appeals Nos. 450/2007 and 848/2008 filed 
by the State with other similar Writ Petitions delivering the following Order: 
"Under the circumstances, Writ Appeals filed by the State have to be dismissed and the Writ 
Petitions have to be allowed. Rule is made absolute.  The respective authorities are directed to 
consider the case of each of the Petitioner and pass orders accordingly in the context of relevant 
rules applicable to them with regard to their retirement benefits including pension and gratuity along 
with interest at the rate of 6% p.a. which shall be paid with effect from the date of filing of the Writ 
Petition by each of these lecturers/teachers withi n a period of two months from the date of receipt of 
the certified copy of this Order". 
And whereas, the State of Karnataka preferred the Appeal in the Hon'ble Supreme Court in 
the Special Leave Petition No. 22176- 22186/2010 was connected with other similar Special Leave 
Petitions were dismissed on 21.08.2013; 
And whereas, there is no justification to include the service rendered in un- aided institutions 
which are subsequently brought under grant -in-aid, for the purpose of pensionary benefits as such 
inclusion would amount to taking into consideration the service not covered by the Pension Rules 
and it would also amount to giving retrospective effect to the admission to grant -in-aid which is never 
contemplated by the Government; 
And whereas, if the increment s earned by the teaching and non -teaching employees of the 
Private Aided Educational Institutions in non-grant period is taken into consideration for releasing the 
Grant-in-aid, and  for the purposes of Automatic Advancement Scheme, Career Advancement 
Scheme and Pension it would involve very huge financial implication to the state exchequer; 
 3 
And therefore, Government reviewed the matter and decided to extend Grant -in-aid 
computed at the minimum of pay in the time scale on the date of admission to grant in aid to the 
employees working in Private Educational institutions in the State and to limit the liability of the State 
on schemes of Advancement to the extent of Grant-in-aid sanctioned to the posts and for the matters 
connected therewith or incidental thereto. 
Therefore, it is considered necessary provide for following in the Bill, namely:- 
(i) to regulate pay, pension and other benefits of employees working in private aided 
educational institutions by non- reckoning of service rendered during the non- grant 
period for purpose of pay, leave, seniority automatic advancement scheme/career 
advance scheme and in settlement of pensionary benefits; 
(ii) to extinguish the claims of employees of private aided educational institutions 
conferred by any order of the Government or by any judgment of the Court or Tribunal 
regarding counting the increments drawn prior to admission of grant -in-aid and 
finalization of pensionary benefits by non reckoning  unaided services; 
(iii) not to recover any amount paid already towards ti me-bound advancement/automatic 
advancement/career advancement / pensionary benefits; 
(iv) not to maintain suit or other proceedings or to continue in any court against 
Government and to restrain any court to enforce any decree or order directing release 
of grant-in-aid taking into account the increments earned and finalization of pension by 
reckoning the service rendered during non-grant period; and 
(v) to reduce the huge financial implication to the State exchequer; 
(vi) other matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 
Hence, the Bill. 
  [L.A. Bill No.27 of 2014, File No. Samvyashae 60 Shasana 2013] 
  [Entry 25 of List III of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India.] 
------ 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KARNATAKA ACT NO. 07 OF 2014 
(First Published in the Karnataka Gazette Extra-ordinary on the twelfth  day of February, 2014) 
THE KARNATAKA PRIVATE AIDED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EMPLOYEES 
(REGULATION OF PAY, PENSION AND OTHER BENEFITS) ACT, 2014 
(Received the assent of the Governor on the eleventh day of February 2014) 
An Act to regulate salary and allowance and other conditions of service of teaching and non -
teaching employees of private educational institutions on admission to grant -in-aid and limiting 
financial liability of the State and other matters connected therewith are incidental thereto; 
Whereas, the State Government has admitted several private educational institutions for 
grant-in-aid to improve the standard of education and reduce the burden of the management by 
giving the salary grant to teaching and non-teaching staff. 
And whereas, the Government in order No ED 65 SES 62 dated 24 -08-1963 introduced the 
Karnataka State Aided Schools Employees Contributory Provident Fund- Insurance-Pension scheme 
(Triple Benefit Scheme) Rules to regulate pensionary benefits of  aided institutions coming under the 
ambit of Primary  and Secondary Education with effect from 01- 04-1963 and directed to take in to 
account the length of qualifying service of all previous service whether temporary, officiating or 
permanent either in one or more than one State- aided Institution. 
And whereas, the Government framed the Karnataka Education Act, 1983 to provide for the 
planned development of educational institutions, inculcations of healthy educational practice, 
maintenance and improvement in the standards of education and better organization discipline and 
control over Educational institutions in the state with a view to fostering the harmonious development 
of the mental and physical facilities of students and cultivating a scientific and secular outlook 
through education and the said Act came into force from 1-6-1995 as per Government notification No 
ED 2 MES 95 dated 30-05-1995 with a saving clause enshrined in Section 146 (3) by virtue of which 
the TBS Rules became part and parcel of the said Act.  
And whereas, non- consideration of non -grant service for pay was questioned in W.P.Nos. 
226-228/1998 and the said writ petitions were dismissed on 13- 08-1998 by rejecting the reliefs 
sought by the writ petitioners. 
And Whereas, the Government i n letter No. ED 130 PMC 99 dated: 12- 07-2001 has given 
direction not to reckon the unaided service for pensionary benefits. 
And Whereas, the Government has issued a circular on 20-09-2003 bearing No.  ED 90 PMC 
99 clarifying that the non-grant service shall not be considered for the purpose of pension and leave. 
And whereas the Government has issued order No. ED 674 SEW 2005   dated: 10- 04-2006 
reiterating the directions given in rule 3 (1) (b) and (c) of the Karnataka Educational Institutions 
(Recruitment and Terms and Conditions of Service of Employees in Private Aided and Primary and 
 5 
Secondary Educational Institutions) Rules, 1999, wherein the service rendered during non- grant 
period shall not be considered for pay, leave, pension and any other service benefits.   
And whereas the non -reckoning of non- grant period of service for pensionary benefits was 
challenged by Sri H. Peter in W.P. No. 10399/2004 and the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka allowed 
the said writ petition on 01- 09-2006 with a direction to co mpute pensionary benefits by considering 
non-grant period.  
And whereas, in exercise of powers conferred by Sub- Section (1) of Section 145 of the 
Karnataka Education Act, 1983   the Government framed the Karnataka Pre- University Education 
(Academic, Registration, Administration and Grant-in-aid etc.) Rules, 2006.  The Sub- rule (2) and (3) 
of Rule 21 of the said Rules reads as below- 
     “(2) The posts and the persons working in such posts in private aided Pre-
University Colleges shall be eligible for grant-in-aid only from the date of sanction of 
the grant-in-aid by the Government and the earlier period of un- aided service shall 
not count for any pay fixation, increment, leave, seniority and other service benefits 
including pension. 
     (3) Consequent to t he sanction of salary grant -in-aid to an employee of aided 
Pre-University College, the initial pay of such an employee shall be fixed at the 
minimum of the pay scale applicable to the post and he will not be eligible for any 
monetary benefits either notionally or otherwise in respect of the earlier period of un-
aided service.” 
And whereas, the Writ Appeal No.291/2007 filed by the State before the Division Bench of the 
Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka against the order dated: 01 -09-2006 made in W.P. No.10399/ 2004 
was rejected and the Special Leave Petition filed by the State before the Hon’ble Supreme Court was 
also dismissed on 09/05/2011  
And whereas, non reckoning of non grant period of service for pensionary benefits was 
challenged in W.P. No.126/2008 and W.P. No.15025/2006 and the said writ petitions were connected 
with the writ appeals filed by the state and the said writ petitions were allowed on  
03-11-2009.   
And whereas, Government issued circular No. ED 156 PMC 2005 dated: 13- 03-2009 once 
again reiterating the directions given in Rule 3 (1) (b) & (c) of the Karnataka Educational Institutions 
(Recruitment and Terms and Conditions of Service of Employees in private aided and primary and 
secondary educational institutions) Rules 1999, wherein the service  rendered during unaided period 
shall not be considered for pay, leave, pension and any other service benefits.   
And whereas, the non-consideration of non-grant period for fixation of pay was challenged in 
W.P.No. 25447/2010 and the said writ petition was  allowed on 16- 08-2010. The State filed Writ 
Appeal 4788/2010 against the order dated:16- 08-2010 and the Division Bench of the Hon’ble High 
 6 
Court dismissed the said writ appeal and the Special Leave Petition (CC) No. 7365/2012 was 
dismissed on 02 -07-2012. The review petition No. 2364/2012 filed by the State against the order 
passed in S.L.P. (CC) No. 7365/2012 was also dismissed on 06- 12-2012, thereby creating inevitable 
situation of complying orders of the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka in W.P. No. 25447/2010 against 
the directions given in rule 21(2) and (3) of the Karnataka Pre -University Education (Academic, 
Registration, Administration & Grant-in-aid etc.) Rules, 2006. 
And whereas, the Special Leave Petition No. 22176-22186/10 filed by the State in the Hon’ble 
Supreme Court of India challenging order dated: 03/11/2009 was connected with other S.L.P’s filed 
by the State and the said S.L.P’s were  dismissed on 21-08-2013.  
And whereas, the Government in Order No. ED 176 UPC 75, dated: 18.08.1976, introduc ed 
the Karnataka State Aided College and Technical Institutions Employees Triple Benefit Scheme 
(Pension, Insurance and Management Contribution) Rules, 1976 (TBS Rules for short) to regulate 
pensionary benefits in aided institutions coming under the ambit of Higher Education with effect from 
01.04.1970 and directed to take into account all the previous service rendered in regular and whole 
time posts in Grant -in-aid institutions governed by TBS Rules shall be taken into account for 
computing the length of qualifying service. 
 And whereas, Government in G.O.No. ED 15 UEC 89, dated: 05.04.1991 sanctioned the 
revised 1986 University Grants Commission pay scales to the Librarians and the Physical Education 
Personnel in the First Grade (Degree) i.e., Government Colleges and those aided by the Government 
as per the Grant -in-aid Code under the Department of Collegiate Education with effect from 
01.01.1986 and extended the Career Advancement Scheme inter alia to the Librarian and Physical 
Education personnel in the aided colleges; 
 And whereas in exercise of the powers conferred by sub- section (1) of section 145 of the 
Karnataka Education Act, 1983, the Government has issued rules namely the Karnataka Educational 
Institutions (Recruitment and Terms and Conditions of S ervice of Employees in Aided Colleges of 
Education and Teachers' Training Institutes) Rules, 2001. In the proviso to rule 3(1) (b) and 3 (1) (c) 
of the said rules, a direction is given that the service rendered during non- grant period shall not be 
considered for pay, leave, pension and any other service benefits. 
 And whereas, the service rendered by the employee of the private colleges and Technical 
Institutions prior to the date of admission into grant -in-aid was also taken into consideration for the 
purpose of Automatic Advancement Scheme and Career Advancement Scheme by an unintended 
interpretation of the directions given in Government Order NO. ED 25 UPC 2001, dated: 03.06.2003, 
which was issued with the intention of counting non- grant period service for Automatic Advancement 
Scheme and Career Advancement Scheme subject to fulfillment of conditions specified in the 
guidelines issued by the competent authorities/bodies; 
 
 7 
 And whereas, the non- reckoning of non- grant period of service for Automatic Advancem ent 
Scheme, Career Advancement Scheme and Pension was challenged by some Aided employees in 
Hon'ble High Court of Karnataka in Writ Petition Nos. 14676/2001, 871/2004, 19431/2005 and 
5145/2007 and upholding the contention of the Petitioners that the Triple Benefit Scheme Rules and 
the Government Orders are not inconsonance with section 87 of the Karnataka Education Act, 1983 
thereby rejecting the Government's contention that as per TBS Rules only the service rendered in 
aided institutions be considered for qualifying service, the Hon'ble High Court on 13.10.2006 and 
12.12.2007 allowed the Writ Petitions by directing reckoning of the service from initial appointment on 
the basis of actual emoluments drawn, including increments and promotions for non-grant period; 
 And whereas, the State filed Appeals against the Orders dated: 13.10.2006 and 12.12.2007 
made in Writ Petitions Nos. 14676/2001, 871/2004, 19431/2005 and 5145/2007 and on 03.11.2009, 
the Hon'ble High Court of Karnataka connected the Writ Appeals Nos.  450/2007 and 848/2008 filed 
by the State with other similar Writ Petitions delivered the following Order: 
 "Under the circumstances, Writ Appeals filed by the State have to be dismissed and the Writ 
Petitions have to be allowed. Rule is made absolute.  The respective authorities are directed to 
consider the case of each of the Petitioner and pass orders accordingly in the context of relevant 
rules applicable to them with regard to their retirement benefits including pension and gratuity along 
with interest at the rate of 6% p.a. which shall be paid with effect from the date of filing of the Writ 
Petition by each of these lecturers/teachers within a period of two months from the date of receipt of 
the certified copy of this Order". 
And whereas, the State of Karnataka preferred the Appeal in the Hon'ble Supreme Court in 
the Special Leave Petition No. 22176- 22186/2010 was connected with other similar Special Leave 
Petitions were dismissed on 21.08.2013; 
 And whereas, there is no justification to include the ser vice rendered in un- aided institutions 
which are subsequently brought under grant -in-aid, for the purpose of pensionary benefits as such 
inclusion would amount to taking into consideration the service not covered by the Pension Rules 
and it would also amount to giving retrospective effect to the admission to grant -in-aid which is never 
contemplated by the Government; 
 And whereas, if the increments earned by the teaching and non -teaching employees of the 
Private Aided Educational Institutions in non-grant period is taken into consideration for releasing the 
Grant-in-aid, and  for the purposes of Automatic Advancement Scheme, Career Advancement 
Scheme and Pension it would involve very huge financial implication to the state exchequer; 
 And therefore, Government reviewed the matter and decided to extend Grant-in-aid computed 
at the minimum of pay in the time scale on the date of admission to grant in aid to the employees 
working in Private Educational institutions in the State and to limit the liability of the State on 
schemes of Advancement to the extent of Grant -in-aid sanctioned to the posts and for the matters 
connected therewith or incidental thereto for the purposes hereinafter appearing; 
 8 
          Be it enacted by the Karnataka State Legislature in the sixty fifth year of the Republic of India 
as follows:- 
1. Short title and commencement.- (1) This Act may be called the Karnataka Private Aided 
Educational Institutions Employees (Regulation of Pay, Pension and other benefits) Act, 2014. 
       (2) It shall be deemed to have been come into force with effect from the 1st  June, 1995. 
2. Definitions.- (1)  In this Act unless the context otherwise requires,- 
(a) “Automatic or time bound Advancement Scheme” means Higher Scale of pay granted to 
an employee of an Educational Institutions after completion of specified period of service 
in a post; 
(b) "Career Advancement Scheme" means Higher Scale of pay granted to a lecturer, 
librarian and physical education directors working in a college or B.Ed college or 
technical institution after completion of specified period of service in a post; 
(c) "Educational Institution" means an Educational Institution imparting education at various 
levels of Primary, Secondary, Pre -University College, Teacher Training institutes, 
including colleges or Technical Institutions or B.Ed Colleges leading to degree, diploma 
or certificate courses established and administered or maintained by anybody of persons 
and recognized by the State Government and affiliated to any University,  Wherever 
applicable;  
(d) "Employee" means an employee of an Educational Institution;  
(e) “Government” means Government of Karnataka; 
(f) “Grant-in-Aid” means any sum of money paid as salary grant out of State funds to any 
posts in a Private Educational Institution; and 
(g) “Private Aided Educational Institution” means an Educational Institution receiving Grant -
in-aid by the State Government.  
(2)  Other words and expressions used in this Act but not defined shall have the same 
meaning assigned to them in the Karnataka Education Act, 1983 (Karnataka Act 1 of 1995). 
3. Sanction of Grant-in-Aid at the minimum in the time scale, Time bond Advancement, 
career Advancement and finalization of the pensionary benefits by non- reckoning service 
rendered in non-grant period as qualifying years and extinguishment of claims if any,- 
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Karnataka Education Act, 1983, any order of 
the Government or rules governing service conditions of employees of any Educational Institution or 
any other Law Governing Grant in aid to t he above employees or any judgment, decree or order of 
any Court or Tribunal or Authority, Grant -in-aid that may be sanctioned to a post held by an 
employee of a Private Aided Educational Institution shall be fixed and calculated at the minimum of 
pay in t he time scale allowed to the post from the date of admission to grant -in-aid and the service 
 9 
rendered prior to admission for grant-in-aid shall not be reckoned for purpose of pay, leave, seniority 
and pension and finalization of the pensionary benefits shall be by non-reckoning service rendered in 
non-grant period as qualifying years and the financial liability of the Government in respect of 
Automatic Advancement Scheme and Career Advancement Scheme extended, if any, to such 
employee shall be limited to the quantum of Grant-in-aid sanctioned to the post. 
 (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any order of the Government or any judgment of 
any Court or Tribunal, the claims of employees of Private Aided Educational Institution for release of 
Grant-in-Aid by counting the increments drawn prior to the date of admission of post to grant -in-aid 
and finalization of the pensionary benefits by reckoning service rendered in non- grant period as 
qualifying years shall stand extinguished and accordingly,- 
(i)  the orders issued by the Government directing to take into account the increments 
earned by an employee or for payment of additional amount on extension of Time 
bound Advancement Scheme or Automatic Promotion or Career Advancement 
Scheme of a Private aided Educational Institution,  prior to the date of admission of 
post to Grant -in-aid, while releasing grant -in-aid and for finalization of the 
pensionary benefits by reckoning service rendered in non-grant period as qualifying 
years shall stand cancelled: 
   Provided that any amount paid as per the order now cancelled and towards Time 
Bound Advancement, or Automatic promotion or Automatic Advancement, Career 
Advancement Schemes and Pensionary benefits shall not be recovered. 
(ii)  No suit or other proceedings shall be maintai ned or continued in any court against 
the Government by any employee of Private Aided Educational Institutions claiming 
for release of Grant -in-aid taking into account the increments earned in the post 
prior to the date of admission of Grant-in-aid or for payment of additional amount on 
the extension of the Time  bound Advancement Scheme or Automatic Promotion 
Scheme or the Automatic Advancement Scheme and Career Advancement 
Scheme and for finalization of the pensionary benefits by reckoning service 
rendered in non- grant period as qualifying years to such employee except the 
quantum of Grant-in-aid sanctioned to the post 
(iii)  No Court shall enforce any decree or order directing release of Grant -in-aid taking 
in to account the increments earned in the post, prior  to the date of admission of 
grant-in-aid in favour of any employee of a Private Aided Educational Institutions 
and for payment of additional amount of the extension   of  the Time  Bound  
Advancement  or  Automatic  
promotion or Automatic Advancement Scheme or Career Advancement Scheme to 
such employee and finalization of the pensionary benefits by reckoning service 
 10 
rendered in non-grant period as qualifying years except the quantum of grant -in-aid 
sanctioned to the post. 
 The above translation of PÀ£ÁðlPÀ SÁ¸ÀV C£ÀÄzÁ¤vÀ ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À ¹§âA¢UÀ¼À (ªÉÃvÀ£À, ¤ªÀÈwÛ 
ªÉÃvÀ£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÉ ¸Ë®¨sÀåUÀ¼À ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt) C¢ü¤AiÀĪÀÄ, 2014 (2014gÀ PÀ£ÁðlPÀ C¢ü¤AiÀĪÀÄ ¸ÀASÉå 07)  be 
published in the official Gazette under clause (3) of Article 348 of the Constitution of India. 
           
H.R. BHARDWAJ 
GOVERNOR OF KARNATAKA 
 
By Order and in the name of the Governor of Karnataka, 
 
S.B. GUNJIGAVI 
Secretary to Government, 
Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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