LexThe Bengal Alluvion and Diluvion Regulation, 1825
Assam · state statute
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1825: Den . Rcg.ll .J All ll\"1( ~ .\:\"D DILUVlON 81
BL\'U \L l\L(it"L.'\ 1 J ()~ 11 O F 113:.!.3
pnth .\Ju)' 1825.]
,\ H c.~ul.tlion I•Jr ckclfll in.: tlw rule..; to be observed
11 1 c ktc · rminin·~ t.l.tinh to l.uHis ·~. 1inc·d by alluv io11,
tJI IJy dcrclirtioll or.t l i\C' l Ill' tJH~ sea .
1. ln 'Olh'''l'll'll< ,. o l Lit• h• I jill 11 1 .o.t~tgcs \duc h take piau: l'rrambl e.
in the char11H'I ol the- p t in< tJt d 11• l"l rlt<~l imr.r~cct the [tcrri -
toric·5j" imnH·diatr-ly ~""l''t t to tlw l'r~ ·~i dt'tH) of f·u rt \ Vrlliam ,
..t nd tire slrd cint.: •> I the ~.rnd, ,,lt,, h !1• 111 tllf' l>l'd~ rl thosr rivers,
cha rs ll f snJ.d l, sl.lllds .u c· dt•'ll tln•m''l 1111 I" ,dluvio11 in the
Jlliust ol tltc ~ 11'<1111, IH '~~'·•' ' '"''Ill tl..- l;,m b.' a11Li large portions
of land :lit' (", ( fl in! .t\\,1\ it\ l'lli. I O,IIIIl ll l Ill ttf l lt C' I ivcr On OOC
side, wlulsl .tu.:c·,,iull,· ttl !.111" .t • t t!le ~;li nt · time, o r ln
.;ulJW< IIICIII t 11".>, !.\ lfltui IJ\ .J, 1 )ulitlll td till' ll'at<T Oil the
oppo.,itt' sulc , "lltli<~l i11 1.111 r' 111 • lll11 it>lt , , 1H'1u;1 t IJnwn t and
d er eliction ,tl<.o su:wlllll•·~ ucuJI u11 11w ,<;;1 -n.M~l w hr c h bortlc is
the ~outhc rll ,rncl south •·.t\ICn t limit~ ol lk u~a l.
T he l an d ~ g<tlllt'clll<llll 11 I' •iv• 1s 01 si",J h~ tlrt· Jllf',lllS ,tbO\'C
nH·rHionc-cl ,u··· ,1 lH•JI"'"' ">~II • .,r ,., ll''ldl•>rl .. ~~td <~il'l.i y , dntl
<~lthouuh tlu l.1w •'"" 111\l, 11 ,t tl"· , P\llltlV h;n' c.stttb li s h c J
rnl<-s apphc.d,lc t11 Si t' h , 'lSI'' · 1l1• ~ 11tln 1111l IH u1~ genera lly
l..now n , tl 1•; ( :o111l\ of ) 1tq11 ,. 11'1\ · "lll wti mes follllU it clifiicu lt
to dl'll'llllill l' tire llt•l,h c.l.!rll, 111 t )'•ilti•·' cl.ti rnirH! t·ha r~ or other
J.111dS ~ · lllll d i11 lfH' lll.ll l ll{'l otit<JVt •!t'l IJil<'d.
1 hc l ·<H III .. 1 .. ,d,tl I li•·:.1ui \cl d '' "·itit 1 \ ~~"'" to ;r~~;n tai11
till' lrg<JI pnl\ i~i.,ns ol d1r- ,\ l lll,:rllllll'llllu ,tnd ll i1tdu l.aws on thi~
~ ubji 'C t , r,tfj, d lor I J>trl ( r10 II tfu 1 l.tW (}lfi('l'fS ol' r ..tcJr pcr~ Utl·
~ 11 )11, aud on c:ons id•·r;!lion qfllrt· •c·pn1 ts fillni<ll!' d IJy the law
ollit:crs inc llll"'C(III "' 1•, •" ''' ll ,. ,, ( till' cll't:tql()llS w hi c h have
be en I'·" c·d l11· 1 h• ( 11111! c.l ~. rt,., J li w<111i .\ l,rlat 111 case s
lJtOll~hl lwlo:t· Jiwrn 111 •I pr tl !II' I< I ll',"'' r•d Jl11: I ig hts ol
t'J,IJII Ia lll~ t11 I.••" Is 1!·1111<·1 itr .l.u. i •r• 111 ,\ dt1r-li· li•tll , r riv rrs
<>r tlw 'it'd , tlw (;,,\llllol 1 · ~·r J•r.tl in (..l,ullci l l,;ls d tTlllc d it proprr
to l'll<t < t t lw li>llol \ i111!, rult, J,, t),,. ••t 'I H 1 o1 1 i lrl••ttllil l 10 ll of indivi-
du.ds as 111-11 '" ''" 11, •1 ! .. 1 tl t. ( (Jll ll s .. t.J wli ('aturc: to he
in i(rn ·•·, .t~ "J'•Il ,1< J•l'llll" I' 11111111 J.olll t)IC' 1\hOJr- OJ' the
!tc~rillu w'l ,.tl•l" 1 1., 1 1• !'r• ,HJ,.nrl ''' l11r1 \\'illi;1111: -
2 . Wl l<'lll'\('1 o\11) tl• ;u •11'- dt{lllile IIS,l"l' tJI shikas t paiwas t ~-ld i ms and
· I 1 · 1 • 1 1 1 1 h d1sputcs as to ft'~pi'Ctlll~ l II_ ( bflllll 11<)11 <lit' l\ltlt'liO il IJI ollll >)' lll' rncroac - ll . I I d . , . . II I l I d •I uv•a an ' rner>l or Jcn ~> nl •I nv1'1' "' ·'' o~,t\<. IJn·rr rrun>Cll lltl til y I'Sta J 1S 1e , 10 u e dcci dr.i
ti'1r dt·lrnnilllll'!; thl' lft• hl ~ t•t' tht' l>r<IJ>Iit·tor~ of tWO or mOJ c b y · usage
whe n clearly
rccogmicd
•
a ntl csta·
______ blisltcri .
1 "'If(}({ I I l Tl.l I !.1• ,),t" • lie! ''·''
"1\'tlt
11!'17 '\ •I (llt17 ''"' ,, l"·dcd
U Jl :,\I. L.\. l l \ l Ill }\ ul •II t 11• 11 tlr 1 l.nt .1, Ill uvl.li<. !lioll
lll>dnll••·~tl••rltdo~l Lllltlrt \,t lo7 1 :\1\ •I IH71',, .. 1,1"Ir inll •rt ('ill
th.- di c.i1 '' • I S1 II {'I r; "" J ldl , h..l•, t •11 ,. 1 11,,;,, J 1111,, :-,,,ga llt lls awl
· • •d)p.tta xvpc I -t1 11 D 1t ,11 ), I <•tihl >lit. l\• 'l.l -1.., tl,ttcd _27th !:>cp
tcmbn 19.17.
5ubSiJT Ul r.d fur l'tll\illll'S. IJy :\,O,t l 9!'itJ,
82 ALLUVION' AND 0JLUVION (J825: Ben. Reg .ll.
contiguous estates divided by a river (such as that the main chan
nel of the river dividing the estates shall be the consta nt boundary
betwee n them, whatever changes may take p lace in the cou rse of
the river, by encroachment on one side and accessio n on the
other), the usa ge so establi shed shall govern the decisiqn of all
claims and dispute s relative to allu via l land between the parties
whose estates may be liable to such usage.
Wh r no 3. Where there may be no local u~age of the nature
usa;eeestab- to in the preceding section, the genera l rules declared
lished cl~im s following section shall be applied to the determi nation
ltow decaded.claims and disputes telative to lands gained by alluvion
derelicti on eith er of a river or the sea.
referred
m the
of all
or by
Luds gained 4. First.- When land may be gained by gradual accession
by g~adual whether from the reces s of a river or of the sea, it shall be con~
!ccesston sidcrecl an increment to the tenure of the person to whose land or rrom recess . . d of river or estate 1t lS thus annexe , whe ther such land or ~state be held
sea. immediat ely from [the Govermn entjl- by a zamindar or oth er
superior land -holder, or as a subordina te ten ure, by any descrip
tion of under--tenant whateve r :
• f Provided that the increment of land thus obtained shall not
.r.xtcnt o . h · · f h interest in entitl e t e person m possessiOn o . t e estate or tenure to which
increment of the land may be annexe d to a n ght of property or permane nt
person. in interest therein beyond that possessed by him in the estate or
pflsessaon. tenure to which the land may Le anne xed, and shall not in any
case be unders tood to exempt the holder of it from .the payment _
to [the Government]:~. of any assessmentJ?r the pubhc rev~nue to
which it may be liable under . the. provJSJOIIS of Rcgulat10 n 2,
1819,' or of any other Regulation 111 force .
•:--ror if annexed to a subordinate tenur e held under a
: 1~ 1d holder shall the under-te nant, wheth er a khu dkast
supeno~ ldin.g a maurusi istimrari tenure at a fixed rate of rent
raJyab~' I o r ailY other description of undertenant liabl e by his per tg 1a, o - f t r,
ts or by established usa ge, to an mCl'ease o ren or engagemen • 11 · 1 'dered exemp t the land annexed to his tenure by a uviOn, Je co.nst
f l nt Of any increase of rent to whtch he may be rom t 1e pay me
justly liable.
lTne words 'the Crown' was ~u~titutcd iot ·'Govrrnn;ebnt"Aby thle9ASOO. · be 1 tit ted by ·GowrnmeJtt Y .0., ·
1937 ; fC~wn')(.amd has nu~n
5
~~:css~lcnt (Resumed Lands) R e~u l a tion, •The . enga. an -r~vc , m In 50 far as tbr permanently-settled
1819. It lS no~ m_f01ce tn As. a . 'and the district of Cachar are concerned the estates of the dtstrtct of Goal para R 1 t" 1 1 1886" were substitlltcd
words "the A~sam La1nd. and1 1Rrvf;~~~. bygu ;.,~~:n °Act 1 of 1929 and Assam
for the words "Regu atlon °
Act XI of 1936 respectively. ,
ncutl -s<'ltkd c:statl·s of the district ~f ~oalpar,a. sin~~ fa~ as the per~ y ~rncd the word, commencing wnh Nor, t !
and the dtstnct of <;Jacbar are ~~
11
~0 "any incr~ase of rent to which be may be
annc.xe~ to a subordinate1 tdeuburAss· Act l of 1929 and Assam Act Xl of 1936
justly !table' • were repea e Y am "
respectively.
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1ft25~ Ben. Reg.tl.] ALLUVION AND DILUVION
Second.- The above rule shall not be considered applicable When ~det
to cases in which a river, by a sudden chan ge of its course, may ~~an;~ O:C
break through and intersect an estate without any gradual course intec•
encroachment, or may by the violence of strea'm separate a con- sects estate,
siderable piece of land from one estate and join it to another
estate, without destroying the identity and pre venting the recog-
nition of the land so removed.
In such cases the land, on being clearly recognized, shall
remain the property of its original ow11er.
Third.- When a chat or island may be thrown up in a large Chao
navigable river (the bed of which is not the property of an indi · ~hrown . up
vidual), or in the sea, and the channel of the river or sea between bj ~wlga•
such island and .the shore may not be fordable it shall, according e riVer.
to established usage, be at the disposal of [the Government ]I.
But if the channel between such island and the shore be for- Property
dable at any season of the year, it shall be considered an acces- thherein h
· h d f h w en c a.a-siOn to t e Ian tenure or tenures o t e person or persons whose nel for•
estatr or estates may be most cont iguous to it, subject to the dable .
several provisions specified in the first clause of this section with
. respect to increment of land by gradual accession .
Fourth.-ln small ana shallow rivers, the beds of which, with Chara, etc.,
the jalkar right of fishery, may have been heretofore recognized !hrown u1~
as the property of individuals, any sand-bank or char that may ~nh a 1 ~~aw
he thrown up shall, as hi thcrto, belong to the proprietor of the rivers. ·
bed of the rivet·, subject to the provision s stated in the first clause
of the present section .
Fifth.- T n all other cases, namely, in all cases of claims and Dis I? u t o•s
disputes respecting land gained by alluvion or by dereliction of a lelaJ'v e . t~
river or the sci\, which are not specifically provided for by the b~n !1 f~~~n
rules contained in this Regulation, the Court of Justice, in or by dere·
deciding upon such claims and disputes, sha ll be guided by the lictio.n not
best evidence they may be able to ob tain of established local prov~ed {or
' usage, if there he any applicable to the case, or, if not, by gene- ~fon egu a•
ral principles of equity and justice. ·
5. Nothing in this R egulation shall be construed to justif~ Encroach
any encroachments by individuals on the beds or channe ls of ~dts 0:C
navigable rivers or to prevent Zila • * 2 Magistrates or any nav~gable
other officers of [the Government] 1 who may be duly empowered rivers and
for that purpose from removing obstacles which appea r to in- other . ob
terfere with the safe and cu~tomary n~vi ga tion of such rivers, or atrucuons.
which shall in any respects obstruct the passage of boats by
tracking on the banks of such rivers, or otherwise.
1 The word 'the Crown' was substitutedfor I"Governmer.t" by the
A.O. 1937, 'Crown' again has been substitut ed by the word 'Governmen\'
by A. 0., 1950,
2 The words "and Uity,' 1 which were repealed by the Amending Act,
1903 (I of 1903), arc omitted.