Section 3 — What are not inventions.

What are not inventions.—The following are not inventions within the meaning of this Act,— (a) an invention which is frivolous or which claims anything obviously contrary to well established natural laws; 4[(b) an invention the primary or intended use or commercial exploitation of which would be contrary to public order or morality or which causes serious prejudice to human, animal or plant life or health or to the environment;] (c) the mere discovery of a scientific principle or the formulation of an abstract theory 5[or discovery of any living thing or non-living substance occurring in nature]; 6[(d) the mere discovery of a new form of a known substance which does not result in the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance or the mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance or of the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus unless such known process results in a new product or employs at least one new reactant. Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause, salts, esters, ethers, polymorphs, metabolites, pure form, particle size, isomers, mixtures of isomers, complexes, combinations and other derivatives of known substance shall be considered to be the same substance, unless they differ significantly in properties with regard to efficacy;]

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