Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

155 sections.

Section 1 — Short title.
Section 2 — [Repealed.].
Section 3 — Interpretation-clause.
Section 4 — ''Promissory note''.
Section 5 — ''Bill of exchange''.
Section 6 — ''Cheque''.
Section 7 — ''Drawer.''
Section 8 — ''Holder''.
Section 9 — ''Holder in due course''.
Section 10 — ''Payment in due course''.
Section 11 — Inland instrument.
Section 12 — Foreign instrument.
Section 13 — ''Negotiable instrument''.
Section 14 — Negotiation.
Section 15 — Indorsement.
Section 16 — Indorsement ''in blank'' and ''in full''.
Section 17 — Ambiguous instruments.
Section 18 — Where amount is stated differently in figures and words.
Section 19 — Instruments payable on demand.
Section 20 — Inchoate stamped instruments.
Section 21 — ''At sight''.
Section 22 — ''Maturity''.
Section 23 — Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight.
Section 24 — Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight.
Section 25 — When day of maturity is a holiday.
Section 26 — Capacity to make, etc., promissory notes, etc.
Section 27 — Agency.
Section 28 — Liability of agent signing.
Section 29 — Liability of legal representative signing.
Section 30 — Liability of drawer.
Section 31 — Liability of drawee of cheque.
Section 32 — Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill.
Section 33 — Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour.
Section 34 — Acceptance by several drawees not partners.
Section 35 — Liability of indorser.
Section 36 — Liability of prior parties to holder in due course.
Section 37 — Maker, drawer and acceptor principals.
Section 38 — Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party.
Section 39 — Suretyship.
Section 40 — Discharge of indorser's liability.
Section 41 — Acceptor bound, although, indorsement forged.
Section 42 — Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name.
Section 43 — Negotiable instrument made, etc., without consideration.
Section 44 — Partial absence or failure of money-consideration.
Section 45 — Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money.
Section 45A — Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill.
Section 46 — Delivery.
Section 47 — Negotiation by delivery.
Section 48 — Negotiation by indorsement.
Section 49 — Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
Section 50 — Effect of indorsement.
Section 51 — Who may negotiate.
Section 52 — Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional.
Section 53 — Holder deriving title from holder in due course.
Section 54 — Instrument indorsed in blank.
Section 55 — Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full.
Section 56 — Indorsement for part of sum due.
Section 57 — Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased.
Section 58 — Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration.
Section 59 — Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue.
Section 60 — Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction.
Section 61 — Presentment for acceptance.
Section 62 — Presentment of promissory note for sight.
Section 63 — Drawee's time for deliberation.
Section 64 — Presentment for payment.
Section 65 — Hours for presentment.
Section 66 — Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight.
Section 67 — Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments.
Section 68 — Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere.
Section 69 — Instrument payable at specified place.
Section 70 — Presentment where no exclusive place specified.
Section 71 — Presentment when maker, etc., has no known place of business or residence.
Section 72 — Presentment of cheque to charge drawer.
Section 73 — Presentment of cheque to charge any other person.
Section 74 — Presentment of instrument payable on demand.
Section 75 — Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent.
Section 75A — Excuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment.
Section 76 — When presentment unnecessary.
Section 77 — Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment.
Section 78 — To whom payment should be made.
Section 79 — Interest when rate specified.
Section 80 — Interest when no rate specified.
Section 81 — Delivery of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss.
Section 82 — Discharge from liability.
Section 83 — Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept.
Section 84 — When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby.
Section 85 — Cheque payable to order.
Section 85A — Drafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order.
Section 86 — Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance.
Section 87 — Effect of material alteration.
Section 88 — Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration.
Section 89 — Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent.
Section 90 — Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands.
Section 91 — Dishonour by non-acceptance.
Section 92 — Dishonour by non-payment.
Section 93 — By and to whom notice should be given.
Section 94 — Mode in which notice may be given.
Section 95 — Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour.
Section 96 — Agent for presentment.
Section 97 — When party to whom notice given is dead.
Section 98 — When notice of dishonour is unnecessary.
Section 99 — Noting.
Section 100 — Protest.
Section 101 — Contents of protest.
Section 102 — Notice of protest.
Section 103 — Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance.
Section 104 — Protest of foreign bills.
Section 104A — When noting equivalent to protest.
Section 105 — Reasonable time.
Section 106 — Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour.
Section 107 — Reasonable time for transmitting such notice.
Section 108 — Acceptance for honour.
Section 109 — How acceptance for honour must be made.
Section 110 — Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made.
Section 111 — Liability of acceptor for honour.
Section 112 — When acceptor for honour may be charged.
Section 113 — Payment for honour.
Section 114 — Right of payer for honour.
Section 115 — Drawee in case of need.
Section 116 — Acceptance and payment without protest.
Section 117 — Rules as to compensation.
Section 118 — Presumptions as to negotiable instruments.
Section 119 — Presumption on proof of protest.
Section 120 — Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument.
Section 121 — Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse.
Section 122 — Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party.
Section 123 — Cheque crossed generally.
Section 124 — Cheque crossed specially.
Section 125 — Crossing after issue.
Section 126 — Payment of cheque crossed generally.
Section 127 — Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once.
Section 128 — Payment in due course of crossed cheque.
Section 129 — Payment of crossed cheque out of due course.
Section 130 — Cheque bearing ''not negotiable''.
Section 131 — Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque.
Section 131A — Application of Chapter to drafts.
Section 132 — Set of bills.
Section 133 — Holder of first acquired part entitled to.
Section 134 — Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument.
Section 135 — Law of place of payment governs dishonour.
Section 136 — Instrument made, etc., out of India, but in accordance with the law of India.
Section 137 — Presumption as to foreign law.
Section 138 — Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account.
Section 139 — Presumption in favour of holder.
Section 140 — Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138.
Section 141 — Offences by companies.
Section 142 — Cognizance of offences.
Section 142A — Validation for transfer of pending cases.
Section 143 — Power of Court to try cases summarily.
Section 143A — Power to direct interim compensation.
Section 144 — Mode of service of summons.
Section 145 — Evidence on affidavit.
Section 146 — Bank's slip prima facie evidence of certain facts.
Section 147 — Offences to be compoundable.
Section 148 — Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction.

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