TRILOCHAN LENKA AND ORS. STATE OF ORISSA AND ANR. versus MANDI MOHAN SETHI AND ANR. DR. BISWA KALYANA PATTNAIK AND ORS.

Citation: [1995] 3 S.C.R. 797 · Decided: 26-04-1995 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: R.M. SAHAI · Disposal: Appeal(s) allowed

Judgment (excerpt)

1 
 
(TRILOCHAN LENKA AND ORS) 
(STATE OF ORISSA AND ANR) 
(V) 
(MANDI MOHAN SETHI AND ANR 
DR. BISWA KALYANA PATTNAIK AND ORS.) 
ᱛᱨᱤᱞᱳᱪᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱟ  ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾ 
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱾ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱾ 
ᱰᱨᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱚ ᱯᱚᱴᱴᱚᱱᱟᱭᱮᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾ 
26 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ, 1995 ᱾ 
[ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱹ ᱡᱮ ᱾] 
[R.M.SAHAI AND B.L.HANSARIA, JJ] 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ, 1950ᱼᱚᱱᱚᱞ 12 ᱾  
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱼ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ 
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ (ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ  
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ  ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱾ ᱮᱠᱴ 1975 - ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱺ 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱾  
ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ  ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱾ 
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱨᱮᱯᱚᱫᱽᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ (ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱟᱨ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱮᱠᱴ, 1975  
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ ᱵᱳᱨᱰᱼ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ/ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱦᱤᱴ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱼᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ(Act) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ 
ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ 
ᱠᱚ 
ᱧᱟᱢ 
ᱮᱫᱟᱼ 
ᱩᱱᱠᱩwᱟᱜ 
ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ 
ᱠᱚ 
ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱠᱚ 
ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾  
ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹᱡᱟ,ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, 
ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ  
ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ (ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱮᱠᱴ, 
1975 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ 
ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ 15.3.82 ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
2 
 
ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭ 
ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ 
ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱱ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ "ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 
ᱫᱚ 
1 2
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
 ᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱮ, 
ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ 
ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ 
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 29.05.76 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ 
ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ (ᱥᱚᱯᱞᱟᱭ) ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 78ᱼ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ 
ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ 
ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 03.07.96 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱯᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ 
ᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱴ 
3 1
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 
 
ᱟᱱ 
ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ, 
1978 
ᱟᱨ 
19 
ᱟᱱ 
ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, 
1979 
ᱨᱮ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ/ 
ᱯᱚᱫᱽ  ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ  ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟ. ᱵᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 3.7.76 ᱫᱤᱱ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱚ 
ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 
15.3.82 ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 266 ᱟᱱᱟᱜᱫᱩᱯᱩᱞᱩᱵ(meeting) ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  
 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ  ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱮ  ᱮᱢᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾1. "ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ/ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ 
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 1975 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ "ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ/ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ/ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱨᱴᱤ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ/ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 
"ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[800- ᱥᱤᱼ ᱮᱯᱷ]  
3 
 
2. 29.05.76 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡᱠᱚ 
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ 
ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ 
ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[801- C]  
3. ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱜ 3.7.76 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ 
ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ 1978 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 31 ᱟᱱ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ 1979 
ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 19th  ᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ 
ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ 
ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ 
ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 15.3.82 ᱨᱮ 
ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ 
ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [802ᱼA, D-E]  
4. ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ/ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ 
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ 
ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾[802- F]  
ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱥᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱ᱾ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 
1847 ᱟᱨ 1989 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1848᱾  
CIVIL AFFELIATE TURISDICTION : CIVIL APPEAL Nos. 1847, 1848 of 1989. 
1979 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1745 

Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.