T.D. VENKATA RAO versus UNION OF INDIA

Citation: [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R. 418 · Decided: 08-12-1998 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: S.P. BHARUCHA · Disposal: Dismissed

Judgment (excerpt)

A 
B 
T.D. VENKATA RAO 
v. 
UNION OF INDIA 
DECEMBER 8, 1998 
[S.P. BHARUCHA AND V.N. KHARE, JJ.] 
Income Tax Act, 1961: Section 44(AB)-"Chartered Accountants" and 
"Income Tax Practitioners "-Auditing of accounts-Entitling only Chartered 
C Accountants and not income tax practitioner from auditing the accounts of 
assessee-Validity of-Held, Chartered Accountants by training have special 
aptitude in the matter of audits-Thus it is reasonable that they who form 
a clas~ by themselves should be required to audit the accounts-No violation 
of Articles 14 and 19---Constitution of India, 1950: Articles I4 and 19. 
D 
The appellant challenged the validity of Section 44(AB)of the Income 
Tax Act, 1961 which entitles only Chartered Accountants to audit the accounts 
. of persons whose business income exceeds Rs. 40 lacs and professionals 
whose income exceeds Rs.10 lacs. The Income Tax Practitioners who are 
authorised representatives of assessees were excluded from auditing the 
, E accounts. High Court rejected the chalienge. Hence the present appeal. 
F 
Dismissing the appeal, this Court 
HELD: Chartered Accountants, by reason of their training have special 
aptitude in the matter of audits. It is reasonable that they, who form a class 
by themselves, should be required to audit the accounts of businesses whose 
income exceeds Rs.40 lacs and professionals whose income exceeds Rs.10 
lacs in any given year. There is no material on record, and indeed, there 
cannot be, that an Income Tax Practitioner has the same expertise as a 
Chartered Accountant in the matter of accounts. Thus the challenge under 
Article 19 fails. However, the Income Tax Practitioners are still entitled to 
G be authorised representatives of assessees. 1419-G-H; 420-Af 
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2824 of 
1992. 
From the Judgment and Order dated 29.8.89 of the Madras High Court 
H in W.P.No 3709of1985. 
418 
T.D. VENKA TA RAO v. U.0.1. [BHARUCHA, J.] 
A.T.M Sampath for the Appellant. 
K.N. Shukla and B.K. Prasad for the Respondent. 
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by 
419 
A 
BHARUCHA, J. The appellant is not represented, though we have B 
waited. from some time. The appeal is, therefore, dismissed with no order as 
to cost~. 
Restored . 
. , 
We have heard learned counsel for the appellant. The appellant C 
challenged the validity of Section 44 (AB) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 in so 
far as it required every person carrying on business, if his total sales, turnover 
or gross receipts exceeded Rs. 40 lacs, and every person carrying on a 
profession, if his gross receipts exceeded Rs. 10 lacs, in any previous year 
"to get his accounts of such previous year audited by an accountant before 
the specified date .... ". The Explanation to the Section defines "Accountant" D 
for its purpose to have the same meaning as in the Explanation below Section 
288(2). Section 288 deals with authorised representatives. Sub-section (2) 
clause (4) refers to an Accountant. The explanation says that in that Section 
,. 
"Accountant" means a Chartered Accountant within the meaning of the 
Chartered Accountancy Act and includes persons entitled to be appointed E 
to act as auditors of companies in a particular State by reasons of the 
provisions of Section 226(2) of the Companies Act 
The challenge is on behalf of the Income Tax Practitioners. It is submitted 
that they are entitled to be authorised representatives on behalf of the 
assessees and that excluding them for the purpose of auditing accounts as F 
aforestated violates Articles 14 and 19 of the Constitution. The High Court 
in the order under challenge, as other High Courts had done, rejected the 
challenge and, in our view, rightly so. 
Chartered Accountants, by reason of their training have special aptitude G 
in the matter of audits. It is reasonable that they, who form a class by 
themselves, should be required to audit the accounts of businesses whose 
income exceeds Rs. 40 lacs and professionals whose income exceeds Rs. 10 
lacs in any given year. There is no material on record, and indeed, in our view, 
there cannot lie, .that an Income Tax Practitioner has the same expertise as · 
Chartered Accou1. mts in the matter of Accounts. For the same reasons, the H 
420 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R. 
A challenge under Article 19 must fail, and it must be pointed out that these 
Income Tax Practitioners are still entitled to be authorised representatives of 
asses sees. 

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