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SHREE DAMODAR KALVAIBHAV EDUCATION SOCIETY versus DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION, GOA AND ANR.

Citation: [2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R. 90 · Decided: 02-08-2000 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: M. JAGANNADHA RAO · Disposal: Disposed off

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Judgment (excerpt)

ᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱾ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ 
2000 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 2 ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱾ 
[ᱮᱢ ᱡᱟᱜᱚᱱᱱᱚᱫ ᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱞᱚᱠᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱹ ᱡᱮ ᱾] 
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱺ 
ᱜᱳᱣᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, 1986 ᱾ 
ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 2 (1) (i), 31 (3) (iii) ᱟᱨ 32ᱼ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱠᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱼ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪᱼ 
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ (viii) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ 
ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 
ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱼ2 (1) (i) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ 8 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱚ 
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱼ31 (3) (iii) 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱼ32 ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾  
 
ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 
(3) (iii) ᱼ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ 
ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱼ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ 
ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱼᱟᱱᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ 
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱛᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ 8 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ 
ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ 
ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱱᱟᱜ, ᱥᱳᱨᱥᱳᱯᱳᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾  
 
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱾ 
 
"ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱯ"ᱼᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱼ2 
(1) (i) ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, 1986 ᱾  
 
ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 
5 ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ 
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ 6 ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱟᱨ 7 ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ 8 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱤ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ 
SHREE DAMDDAR KALVAIBHAV EDUCATION SOCIETY v. DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION, GOA 
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ 
ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱳᱨᱥᱳᱯᱳᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, 
1986 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 (3) (iii) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ 
ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱮᱢ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱾  
 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 8 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ 
ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 
ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 
ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱠᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 32 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱾ 
 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾1. ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ 
ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ 
ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31, ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ 
ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, 1986 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 32 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, 
ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ 
ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ 7 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ 
ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 
ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ 
ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ 
ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴᱼᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ 
ᱬᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱠ ᱷᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 
ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ 
ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ 
ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R. 
3 
 
ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[95- F-H; 96ᱼ A-C]  
 
2. "ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 2 (1) (i) 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ 
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ 5 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 7 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ 
ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ 4 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 7 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, 
ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ 5 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 10 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, 
ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ 5 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 7 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ 
ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 
ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ 
ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ 'ᱟᱹᱨᱤ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 31 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ 
'ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱾[96- ᱰᱤᱼ ᱮᱯᱷ]  
 
ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱜ 25.7.1994 ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ 
ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱰᱵᱞᱤᱭᱩᱹᱯᱤ 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 26/94, ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
 
3.1. ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱵᱤᱵᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱠ ᱥ

Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.