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S. SWVIGARADOSS versus ZONAL MANAGER, F.C.I.

Citation: [1996] 1 S.C.R. 995 · Decided: 25-01-1996 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: K. RAMASWAMY, G.B. PATTANAIK · Disposal: Dismissed

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Judgment (excerpt)

1 
 
 
 
 
S. SWVIGARADOSS 
V 
F.C.I 
ᱥ. ᱥᱩᱭ/ᱵᱷᱤᱜᱟᱨᱳᱰᱚᱥ ᱾ 
ᱡᱳᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱚᱨ, ᱮᱯ. ᱥᱤ. ᱟᱭᱤ᱾ 
25 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱟᱨᱤ, 1996 ᱾ 
[ᱠ. ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱚᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡ. ᱵ. ᱯᱚᱴᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ, ᱡᱹ ᱡ ᱾] 
[K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK,JJ.] 
 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ, 1950ᱼ 
341 (1) ᱟᱨ (2), 366 (2) ᱼᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1 ᱟᱱ  ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ, 
ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ 
ᱫᱟᱲᱮ 
ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ 
᱾ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ 
ᱫᱚ 
ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ 
ᱡᱚᱥ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭᱼ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱳᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 
ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱼ ᱟᱨ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱞᱟ.ᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱼ ᱥᱼ9 ᱥ.ᱯ.ᱥ (S.9 C.P.C) ᱾  
 
ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱾ 
 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱼᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱼᱟᱱᱼ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ 
ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱳᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ 
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱼ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱲ 
ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱵ.ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱵᱟᱞᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱟ(B.BASAVALINGAPPA) 
ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ 
ᱰ.ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱪᱤᱱᱟᱯᱟ,(D.MUNICHINNAPPA) [1965] 1 ᱥ.ᱥ.ᱨ(SCR) 316; ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱞᱟᱞ 
ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ, [1965] 2 ᱥ.ᱥ.ᱨ (SCR) 874; ᱥᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ 
ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ, [1990] ᱥᱟᱯ ᱾ᱥ.ᱥ.ᱥ (SCC) 220 
ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱴᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱠᱚ v ᱮᱰᱤᱞ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱮᱞ 
ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ, [1994] 6 ᱥ.ᱥ.ᱥ.(SCC) 241, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾  
 
ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱞᱮᱴ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱾1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 27571 ᱱᱟᱡᱵᱟᱨﺷﻞ 
ᱞᱤᱵᱷ ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱥᱚᱱ (ᱥ) ( C ) 
 
2 
 
1984 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 270 ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱰᱨᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 19.7.95 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱾ 
 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥ.ᱮᱹ ᱥᱤᱭᱤᱫ(S.A. Syed) ᱾ 
 
ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 
 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱡ 
ᱨᱮᱱ 
ᱟᱭᱳᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ 
ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ 
ᱨᱮ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱱᱮᱞᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱛᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ ᱾ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ 
ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾1941 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 7 ᱢᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 1968 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 7 ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱨᱮᱰᱼ1 ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱠᱳᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ 
ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 1969 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 14 
ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ 
᱾ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ 
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ 
ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱡᱽ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ 
ᱪᱚᱞᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱪᱤᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ 
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱫᱤᱼᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱮᱞ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥ.ᱮ 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ <ᱟᱭᱰᱤ1> ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱾  
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ 
ᱟᱭᱳᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ 14 
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱼᱰᱨᱟᱵᱤᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
'ᱛᱤᱥᱴᱩᱞᱤᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 366 (24) ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  
 
"ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ 366 (24) ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 341 ᱟᱱ 
ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 1 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱷᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ 
ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱾ 
 
ᱟᱨᱪ 341 (1) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ 
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱼᱵᱩᱫᱤᱥ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ 
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ, ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ 
3 
 
ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱾ᱥᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ, ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ 
ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱾ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ 'ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ 
ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ 'ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ 
ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ (2) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ (1) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ 
ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ 
ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ 
ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ 
ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫ

Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.