S. NAGARAJAN versus THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, SALEM AND ORS.

Citation: [1997] 1 S.C.R. 220 · Decided: 13-01-1997 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: K. RAMASWAMY, G.T. NANAVATI · Disposal: Dismissed
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Judgment (excerpt)

S. NAGARJAN 
v.  
THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, SALEMAND ORS. 
JANUARY 13, 1997 
[K. RAMASWAMY AND G.T. NANAVATI, JJ] 
ᱮᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱨᱟᱡᱚᱱ  
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ  ᱾ 
1997 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 13 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱾ 
[ᱠᱮ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱩᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤ ᱴᱤ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ, ᱡᱮᱹ ᱡᱮ ᱾] 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ, 1950ᱼᱟᱨᱴᱩᱡᱮᱠ14, 15, 16, 226, 341 ᱟᱨ 342ᱼ  
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤᱼ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ 
ᱫᱟᱵᱤᱼ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ 
ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱠᱳᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱭᱩ ᱯᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱤ (UPSC)ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱼ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣᱼ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱟᱨ 
ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ 
ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ᱾ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ 
ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ  ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱭᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ 
ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱞᱮᱧᱡᱽ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ 
ᱨᱤᱱ  ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ(Register) ᱨᱮᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ 
ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 
ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ 
ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟᱹ 
ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱸᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱤᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱰᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱤᱞ 
ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ, AIR1995 SC 94, ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 
ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱞᱮᱴ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱥᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱾1997 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 236 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱾  
S. NAGARJAN v. THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR 
2 
 
ᱢᱟᱰᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 19.8.96 ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ 
ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 1996 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱵᱞᱭᱩᱹᱮᱹ(W.A) ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 166 ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱱᱴ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ᱾ 
 ᱥᱤ ᱮᱥ (C.S. ) ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱱᱟᱛᱚᱱ, ᱠᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ (K.V ) ᱵᱤᱥᱳᱣᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱹ( K.V.` ) ᱵᱷᱮᱝᱠᱚᱴᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱱ ᱾ 
 
ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 1996 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 19 ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ 166 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱴ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱰᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱧᱪᱟᱜ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱠᱳᱱᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ 
ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ 1985 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ 
ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱮᱵᱟ 
ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱨ ᱮ 
ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱯᱚ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ 
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 
ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱴ 
ᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱚᱱᱮᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ 
ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ 
ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱪᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ 
ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ 
ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱰᱤᱳ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱰᱤᱳ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ 
ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ 
ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱴᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ 
ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ 
ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, 
ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱴ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 13 ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ 
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ 
S. NAGARJAN v. THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR 
3 
 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ 
ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ 
ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱚ 
ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ 
ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ  
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ 
ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ 
ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱡᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ 
ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ 
ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ 
ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ  ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚ
Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.