LexRAJASHEKHAR SANKAPPA TARADANDI AND ORS versus THE ASSTT. COMMISSIONER AND LAND ACQUISITION OFFICER AND ORS.
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I RAJASHEKHAR SANKAPPA TARADANDI AND ORS. A v. THE ASSTT. COMMISSIONER AND LAND ACQUISITION OFFICER AND ORS. MARCH 15, 1996 [K. RAMASWAMY AND G.T. NANAVATI, .I.I.] Land Acquisition Ac~ 1894: Sections 4(1), 23 and 24 Clause fifthly. B Land Acquisition~ompensation-Principle for detemiination-Fu- C ture potentiality of land cannot be taken into account. Land Acquisition-Notification issued in 1979-Land acquired situated at considerable distance from developed area-On date of notification there was no development in are~ompensation awarded @ Rs. 18,000 per acre--Compensation enhanced to sky-high rate of Ri. 5,61,729 by Refernnce D Cowt-Reduction of compensation by High Court and award @ Rs. 6.5; 000 per acre--Conunissioner ap]Jointed in the case had stated existed feattures of 1992-By the time of inspection i.e. between 1979 and 1992 much develop- mellt taking plac~Held in the circumstances his evidence not 1ightly relied upon-Reference Cowt was not justified •in indulging feats of imagination Dete1111ination of compensation by High Cawt held correct. E Periyar and Pm~ekamii Rubbers Ltd. v. State of Kera/a, (1990) SC 2192, referred to. Leave granted. We have heard the counsel on both sides. Notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act 1of1894 (for short the 'Act') acquiring 13 acres 29 gunthas of land near Dharwad F city for extension of the A.P.M.C. Yard, was published on December 20, 1979. The Land Acquisition Officer in his award dated September 23, 1986 G determined the compensation at the rate of Rs. 18,000 per acre. On reference, the civil Court, exhibiting its feats of imagination, and by award and decree dated April 24, 1992 determined the compensation at the rate of Rs. 12.90 per sq. ft., which worked out to Rs. 5,61,729 per acre. On appeal, in MFA No. 2455/92 by judgment and order dated March 4, 1994 H 503 504 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996] 3 S.C.R. A the Karnataka High Court has reduced the compensation to Rs. 65,000 per acre. Thus this appeal by special leave. B Shri Vidya Sagar, learned counsel for the appellant has contended that High Court having found that the lands are situated near developed area and also in view of the evidence of the Commissioner appointed in this case, has committed grievous error of law in reducing the compensa- tion to Rs. 65,000 per acre. We find no force in the contention. The evidence discloses that the developed area was at a considerable distance. · The nearest developed place - central bus stand - is situated at a distance of 1-1J2 to 2.00 k.m. from the acquired land. The Commissioner appointed C in this case has stated the existing features of the year 1992. By the time of his inspection, i.e., between 1979 and 1992 much development had taken place and, therefore, no reliance was rightly placed on the evidence of the Commissioner. The High Court has considered the circumstances that the lands had potentiality as non-agricultural land and that their value has been D determined on that basis. After considering all the relevant aspects, the value of the lands was determined at the rate of Rs. 65,000 per acre. In is settled law that the court has the duty to carefully evaluate the evidence and determine the compensation which is just and adequate for the lands acquired under compulsory acquisition. It is also settled law that E the court has to sit in the arm chair of a willing purchaser in an open market with prevailing market conditions as on the date of publication of Section 4(1) notification and to determine whether a willing purchaser, if offered the lands in an open market for sale, would be prepared to purchase the land at the rate at which the court is called upon to determine F compensation on the basis of evidence on record. Unfortunately, the Civil Judge had exhibited, as stated earlier, his feats of imagination and deter- mined the compensation at sky-high rate on the basis of three sale deeds, Ex. P-8 to Ex. P-10, of which two sale deeds relate to small extents of 92 sq. yards and 128 sq. yards. The High Court, therefore, rightly determined the compensation by reducing the value by 10% and fixed at 12.90 per sq. G ft. This Court in Periyar mid Pareekanni Rubbers Ltd. v. State of Kera/a, AIR (1990) SC 2192 at 2198, para 8 described the official conduct within the net of misconduct thus : "In appropriate cases it may be open to draw inferences even from H judicial acts of the mi
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