R. CHANDEVARAPPA ETC. ETC. versus STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

Citation: [1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R. 458 · Decided: 08-09-1995 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: K. RAMASWAMY, B.L. HANSARIA · Disposal: Dismissed
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Judgment (excerpt)

ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱮᱵᱚᱨᱯᱯᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱟᱨᱥ ᱾ ETC ᱾ ETC ᱾  
8 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, 1995 ᱾ 
[ᱠᱮ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱹ ᱡᱮ ᱾] 
ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱚᱛ 
ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱟᱹᱱ, 1978ᱼ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱾ 
ᱮᱥ ᱮᱥ ᱼ3 (ᱵᱤ) 4/ᱟᱨ ᱾43 ( 5) -ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ 
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱢᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹᱼᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ 
ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ 1951 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱾ 1968 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ 
ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱚᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1987 
ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ 
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱲᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ 
ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱤᱡᱼᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱚᱞᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ 
ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ 
ᱟᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ 
ᱰᱮᱨᱤᱵᱮᱴᱤᱵ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱾ 
ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ, ᱚᱞ, 14,21,38,39,46ᱼ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ, 
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ, ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, "ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ", ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ 
ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ 
ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱮᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱠᱴ, 1872 ᱾ 
R. CHANDEVARAPPA v. STATE 
S.23 ᱵᱷᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱼ "ᱮᱢ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ" ᱼ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ 
ᱠᱳᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱚᱛ 
ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ) ᱟᱹᱱ, 1978 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡᱼ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱫᱮᱱ 
ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 43(5) ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ 
ᱠᱳᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  
ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ 1951 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ 
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ 
ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ 1968 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ 
ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱩᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 1987 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ 
ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ 
ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ (ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ) ᱟᱹᱱ, 1978 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ 
ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 43 (5) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ 
ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ 
ᱠᱟᱴᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱜᱟᱱ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱪᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ 
ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ; ᱟᱨ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ 
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ 12 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ 
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱾ 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ 1.1.ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ 
ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ 
ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ 
ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱮ 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP.3S.C.R. 
3 
 
ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ 
ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ 
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ 
ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱹᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [464ᱼE-G]  
 
 1.2. ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ 
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ 38 ᱟᱨ 46 ᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱮᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ 
ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱢ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ 
ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ 
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱡᱟᱹᱣᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ 
ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱦ
Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.