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NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION versus STATE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH AND ANR.

Citation: [1996] 1 S.C.R. 278 · Decided: 09-01-1996 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: A.M. AHMADI · Disposal: Case Allowed

Cited by 4 judgment(s) · see the full citation network in Lexace

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Judgment (excerpt)

ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ  
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱟᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱤᱡ  
9 ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ, 1996  
[ᱮᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ, ᱥᱤ ᱡᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱱ, ᱡᱮ]  
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ 
 
ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ 21 - ᱟᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ 
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱪᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱼ 
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱼ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱼ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱠᱴ, 1955/ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, 1956 ᱾  
 
ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱼ 5- ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ  7, 8, 9, I0, 11, 12 · ᱼ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱸᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱼ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ 
ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 
ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱸᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱼ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱞᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ 
ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱠᱟᱞ 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱭᱟᱭ᱾ 
 
ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱮᱠᱴ, 1993 ᱺ  
 
ᱥᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱼ 2 (ᱥᱤ), 18 (2) ᱼ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱤᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱼ 
ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ 
ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱪᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱼᱠᱤᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ 
ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ 32 ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ 
ᱡᱩᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱷᱮᱫ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ 
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ 
ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ 
ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ 
ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
 
HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION v. STATE 
1964 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟᱥ 
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱹᱱ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ 
ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ 
ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ 65,000 ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ 
ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 1994 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ 
ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ (ᱥᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ) 
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (ᱮᱱ ᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ 
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱ ᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ 
ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱧᱮᱛᱮᱞ ᱮᱢ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱟᱨ 2 ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ, ᱮᱱ ᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ 
ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ 
(AAPSU) ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱮᱛᱮᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ 1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 30 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ 
ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ 1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ 
ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱼᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱮᱱ ᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ 
ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱮᱱ ᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ, ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱜᱼᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ 
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ 1993 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ 
32 ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 18 ᱟᱱ 
ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ 2 ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 5(1)(a) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ 
ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ 
ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟᱭ᱾ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 2 ᱫᱚ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱤᱡ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ 
ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱰ ᱨᱮ 
ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱭᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ 
ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 
ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱤ 
SUPRIME COURT REPORTS 
[1996] 1 S.C.R. 
ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 
ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ 
ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ 
ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ 
ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 
ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱴ 1 ᱡᱮ, 'ᱠᱷᱩᱫᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ', ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ 
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ 
ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ 21 ᱟᱱ 
ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ 
ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱨᱤᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ  
 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ 1.1. ᱪᱚᱠᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ 
ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ 
ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞ 21 ᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ

Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.