DADAJI ALIAS DINA versus SUKHDEOBABU & ORS.

Citation: [1980] 1 S.C.R. 1135 · Decided: 07-11-1979 · Supreme Court of India · Bench: V.D. TULZAPURKAR · Disposal: Dismissed
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Judgment (excerpt)

ᱫᱟᱫᱟᱡᱤ ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱤᱱᱟ 
ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱢ 
ᱥᱩᱠᱷᱫᱮᱣᱵᱟᱵᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱠᱚ ᱾ 
1979 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 7 ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱾ 
[ᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱰᱤᱹ ᱛᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱯᱩᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ ᱵᱷᱮᱝᱠᱚᱴᱚᱨᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱦ, ᱡᱮᱹ ᱡᱮ ᱾ 
ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱥᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱴ 1951 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟ (ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ 
ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ) ᱚᱰᱟᱨ, 1950, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱳᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ" ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ "ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, 1976 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ "ᱢᱟᱱᱟ"ᱫᱚ  “ 
ᱜᱚᱱᱰ "ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ 
ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ" ᱜᱳᱱᱰ "ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ “ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱣᱮᱠ 
“ᱢᱟᱱᱟ” ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾  
 
1956 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ (ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ 
ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ) ᱚᱰᱟᱨ 1950 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 9 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ(Part IX) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
12 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ, (ᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱱᱰ" 
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 1956 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 63 ᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ 
ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ   
ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 7 ᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱼ ᱮ(VII-A) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
5 ᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ 12 ᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ  12 ᱜᱳᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, 
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱺ ᱟᱨᱟᱠᱷ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱟᱦᱹᱹᱹᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱹᱹᱹᱹ "ᱢᱟᱱᱟ" 
ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ 30 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ 
ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱾ 1976 ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 9(IX) ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 18 ᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ, ᱚᱞ 12 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, 
'ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ 'ᱜᱳᱱᱰ' ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ 
ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾  
 
1978 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱥᱮᱢᱵᱞᱤ 
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ 
ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 'ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ 
ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱱᱟᱹ 1 ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ 
ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ 
ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, 1950 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 9 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ 
ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ 
ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ 
ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[1980] 1 S.C.R. 
 
ᱦᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 
 
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱫᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, 1950 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 
ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 12 ᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 1956 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ “ᱜᱳᱱᱰ” ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ 
ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ 1976 ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 18 ᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽᱠᱚ 
ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 
ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ "ᱢᱟᱱᱟ" ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ 'ᱜᱚᱱᱰ' 
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ 
ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱾  
 
ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 
 
ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱺ 1.ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ 
ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ 
ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  [1147 B] 
 
2.(a) ᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ, 1976 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 
ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱦᱚᱸ 
'ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ 
'ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ 'ᱜᱳᱱᱰ' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ 
ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ 
'ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱣᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾  
 
(b) ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ IX ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ 
ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 342 ᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩᱠ ᱜᱟᱸᱛᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ 
ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱟᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ 
ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ 
ᱢᱤᱫᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
 
(c)  ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 
ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, 'ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ 
ᱵᱤᱫᱣᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ 
ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ 
ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ 
DADAJI v. SUKHDEOBABU (Venkataramiah, J.) 
ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ 
ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ 
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ 
ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ 
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ 
ᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ 18 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ‘ᱢᱟᱱᱟ’ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ  ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ  ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ 
ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱜᱳᱱᱰ' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ 
ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱢᱟᱱᱟ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ 
ᱵᱟ
Excerpt shown. Read the full judgment & AI analysis in Lexace.